Apparatus for producing electric waves.



N6. 817,137; PATENTED APR.3,1906.

A. ABTOM.

APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING ELECTRIC WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 6, 1904.

717/ n 6 5s s.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. I

ALESSANDRO ARTOM, or TURIN, ITALY. APPARATUS FOR-PRODUCING ELECTRICWAVES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 3, 1906.

- Original application l'iled January 3, 1903, Serial No. 137,692.Divided and this application filed July 6, 1904. Serial No. 215,510-

To aJZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALESSANDRO ARroM, industrial-and electricalengineer, professor at the G. Ferraris School of the Royal IndustrialMuseum of Turin, a subject of the King of Italy, residing at Turin, inthe Kingdom of Italy, (whose post ofiice address is 3 Via VentiSettembre,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Aparatus for Producing Electric Waves; and Fdo hereby declarethe followingto be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such aswill enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make anduse the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and toletters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part ofthis specification.

This invention relates to wireless telegra phy or more generally to theelectrical transmission across space and particularly to apparatustherefor, being a division of my application Serial No. 137,692, filedJanuary 3, 1903; Patent No. 770,668, Se tember- 20, 1904 wherebycircularly and el iptically polarized electromagnetic waves are directlyproduced by-two or more oscillatory discharges differing in phase anddirection to produce a compact cone of electric rays.

In the accompanying drawings in which like arts are similarlydesignated-Figure 1 is a iagrammatic view illustrating a form of aparatu-s for the sending-station. Fig. 2 is a etail view. Fi 3 is asecond modification of the apparatus s own in Fig. 1.

In the form of apparatus shownin Fig. 1,

the secondary terminals of an induction-coil R, the primary of which isfed with a continuous or alternate current and is provided with aninterru ter I, are connected with two discharge-ha ls M, P or othersuitable conductors- A third suitable discharge-conductor N iselectrically connected through a suitable self-induction coil orpreferably a suitable small condenser C to be suitably calculated, withone of the secondary terminals of the induotion-coils. The threedischarge-conductors are disposedat the vertices of a right isoscelestriangle. A fourth suitable dischargeconductor can be fitted so as toform a paral lelogram together with the others. This fourth conductorcan be insulated or electrically connected with one of the other three.It can also be connected through I another small condenser with thesecondary terminal of the coil other than that with which the conother.

' ductor N is connected; this arrangement allows the circuits to be moresymmetrical and better fitted to syntonized apparatus. Thedischarge-conductors may also, in the present combination of circuits,be disposed on the same straight line. In this articular case, of theeneral described 'dlsposition, waves with a fifference of phase of auarterperiod are produced instead of circu arly or ellipticallypolarized waves, by using the condenser C.

In Fig. 2, the discharge conductors are shown arranged in pairs andthere being a pair of conductors located at each vertex of a righttriangle. 7

In Fig. 3, is shown the connection of the discharge-conductors with theaerial conduc- Y tors whose object it is to reinforce the circularcharge-conductor, P, while the third discharge-conductor may beconnected to earth at E. The aerial conductors are arranged in or abouta vertical plane.

At every current impulse sent out by the induction-coil, severaloscillatory discharges are produced and an oscillatory current isdistributed in the secondary conductors.

This current reaches the branch oint S, Figs.

1, 3 and 5,'part of it goingto ,C, N, and part to S, M, producingdischarges from N to and from M .to N, as indicated by the arrows, andsince there is a capacity inthe branch S, N, that causes an advancementin the hase, the current arrives, at N advanced in p as'eu Theoscillations that are transmitted between N, P and M, N being alreadydisplaced in phase meeting at an an le (in these cases a quarter of aperiod) combine to form-a radiation circularly .or elliptictermmeddirection.

' The substantial feature of my resent in vention is that ellipticallyor circu arly polarized electromagnetic waves are directly produced andtransmitted in a predetermined ally polarized that tends to assume aprede- IIIISSIODS HICI'OSS space direction, and the greater energy istransmitted in this direction. Rotary efiects round this direction areeasily observable upon little solids of revolution of dielectricmaterials or othersuitable composition, as a rotating electrostatic andmagnetic field is produced in said direction by my present ar- And it ispossible to increase rangement. these mechanical efie'cts by applying mypresent invention. In fact I can dis se one or several other similarsystems of t ree or more discharge-conductors, M, N, P, all round thesame predetermined direction (Fig. 2), said discharge-conductors beingconnected in each system in the same manner as described for the firstone. Each of these discharge-conductor systems may be fed by its ownindependent induction-coil or the induction-coils of said severalsystems can be electrically connected with each other.

By the described improvements the aerial conductors of wireless telegrahy may be considerably diminished in heig t; and the construction ofsyntonized apparatus is rendered easier.

The present invention may be applied to- Wireless telegraphy and otherelectrical transvery usefully. The eat advantage in using such electricwaves 'es in sending out the radiations from the transmitting-station ina com act cone in or about a single direction whic is normal to theplane of the discharge-conductors and to the plane of the aerials, bothof these lanes being parallel to one another, inst'eado sending the sameamount of energy subdivided in an infinite number of radiationssimultane-.

not be influenced at all, even if the Waves 'by Letters Patent, is

1. The combin ation with means to produce electrical current; of twodischarge-terminals supplied with current therefrom and a thirddischarge-terminal arranged with respect to the other two at the vertexof a trian 1e, means to electrically connect said termina in parallelwith one of the other terminals and means to produce capacity in theelectrical connection of the third terminal.

2. The combination with means for producing'two oscillations out ofphase; of discharge-terminals each of which is electrically, connectedto said means and sup lied with current 'diflering in phase from t at inthe other terminals, substantially as described.

3. The combination with means for producing three-phase current; ofdischarge-terminals arranged at the vertices of a triangle and means tosu ly the discharge-terminals at each vertex w1t current of differentphase, substantially as described.

4. The combination with means to produce electrical current; of twodischarge-terminals electrically connected thereto and a thirddischarge-terminal arranged at the vertex of a right isosceles triangleand electrically connected in arallel with one of the other terminals,an means to throw the current therein out of phase, substantially asdescribed.

5. The combination with three dischargeterminals; of means 'to supplyeach with current differing in phase from that in the others, and aerialconductors connected thereto and disposed at right angles to each other,substantially as described. In testimony that I claim the foregoing asmy invention I have signed my name in presence of two subscribingwitnesses.

ALESSANDRO ARTOM.

Witnesses:

EUGENIO G. B. CASETTA. [L. s.] GOTTARDO O. PIRONI. [14. s.]

